The 5.56x45mm NATO cartridge, specifically the M855 round often referred to as "green tip" ammunition, has a long and storied history. Understanding its ballistics, applications, and the existence of suitable alternatives is crucial for both civilian and military shooters. This article dives deep into the specifics of the M855, examining its features and limitations.
What is M855 Green Tip Ammo?
The M855, easily identifiable by its green-tipped bullet, is a standard-issue round for the US military and numerous other armed forces worldwide. Its distinctive feature is a steel penetrator encased within the lead core. This design gives the M855 increased penetration capabilities compared to its full-lead counterparts, particularly against barriers like soft body armor and light vehicles.
Key Ballistic Characteristics of M855:
- Caliber: 5.56x45mm NATO
- Bullet Type: Full metal jacket (FMJ) with a steel penetrator
- Weight: Approximately 62 grains
- Velocity: Varies depending on barrel length, typically around 3,100 feet per second (fps)
- Energy: High energy at the muzzle, gradually decreasing with distance.
Uses of M855 Green Tip Ammunition
The M855's design makes it suitable for specific scenarios:
- Military Applications: Its increased penetration is vital in military engagements, allowing for effective engagement of targets behind cover or wearing basic body armor.
- Law Enforcement (Limited Use): Some law enforcement agencies may utilize it in specialized situations, but its over-penetration potential necessitates careful consideration and restricted use. Many jurisdictions prohibit or severely restrict its use.
Limitations and Concerns of M855 Green Tip
Despite its advantages, the M855 also presents some drawbacks:
- Over-Penetration: The steel core's increased penetration capability poses a significant risk of over-penetration, especially in civilian environments. This significantly increases the risk of unintended harm to bystanders.
- Fragmentation: While not designed to fragment, the possibility exists under certain conditions, adding to the potential for collateral damage.
- Legal Restrictions: Many jurisdictions have restrictions or outright bans on the use of M855 due to its over-penetration risks and potential for causing harm beyond the intended target.
Alternatives to M855 Green Tip Ammunition
Several alternatives offer similar performance without the over-penetration concerns of the M855:
- M193: This full-lead round offers excellent accuracy and less penetration than the M855.
- M856: A tracer round, identifiable by its red tip. Used for targeting and training purposes.
- Commercial 5.56mm Ammunition: Many manufacturers offer alternative 5.56mm rounds with varying bullet designs and weights, offering a wide range of performance characteristics. Look for options with full copper or bonded copper construction to reduce over-penetration risk.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right 5.56mm Ammunition
The decision of which 5.56mm ammunition to use hinges heavily on intended application and legal considerations. While the M855's penetration capabilities are beneficial in specific situations, the potential for over-penetration and associated risks must be carefully weighed. For civilian use, alternative rounds that prioritize accuracy and reduce the risk of over-penetration are generally recommended. Always check and comply with local and state laws regarding ammunition use and ownership before purchasing or using any ammunition. Remember to prioritize safety and responsible gun ownership practices.
